– “Pedro is now a carpenter . He is quite a cabinetmaker , he works beautifully ”. (Synonymy). – “ Juan went to get some eggs for dinner and stayed playing with his friends. That Juan , that Juan , is looking for what he has not lost! ”. (Repetition).Lexical reiteration can occur identically (repetition), similarly (by synonymy) or partially (by generality or hyperonym). It consists of the repetition of a term throughout the text in order to emphasize an idea. Here, also by presumption, the verb “fishing” is deleted. In this case, the deletion of the term “cambures” is evidenced, including its pronominal substitute, because its presence is presumed. – “Bananas are extremely cheap. Jesus went for two (of them, or “bananas”) ”. (Nominal). It is an extremely cohesive textual resource. It basically consists of completely suppressing information whose existence is presumed contextually. It is a debugger of the text, it cleanses it of redundancy. He does it every time he gets up late ”. (Verbal). – “José went and took the shortcut to get to school faster.The brunette was the one I liked ”. (Adjectival). – “Yesterday in the square there was a group of beautiful women .– “ The soccer field was huge, I got tired of walking it.The fisherman usually leaves early to the mangroves ”. (Nominal). – “ Joaquín is an excellent man of the sea, a worker like no other.In the Spanish language there are pronominal proformas (all pronouns, typical of anaphoras), nominal, adverbial, adjectival and verbal (verb to do). It occurs when a term or a phrase is supplied by equivalent lexical elements. The base element and the one it replaces must be coreferential. The canine acted fiercely and destroyed the woman’s arm. One element is replaced by another, synonymous with it, in the following premise or proposition. There are those who tend to confuse “substitution” with “reference”, but in the latter the correspondence between both elements is complete, while in substitution the term is always redefined.īased on what is stated in the paragraphs, the existence of two types of substitution is evidenced: one by synonymy and the other by proformas. The expressions supplied do not necessarily have to be synonymous, however, contextually, they come to mean the same thing. The terms, for their part, are normally replaced by synonyms It is a cohesive resource that generates a link between terms or linguistic expressions. It basically consists of the replacement of one expression by another or one term by another, to avoid its repetition in the text. In this case, a triple cataphore can be seen, the pronouns “he” and “she”, and the article “it”, are resolved in the following proposition. ” He is what he said again and again, but she did not listen, did not pay attention. ” Don’t go there, that road is dangerous, Maria, ” Pedro repeated repeatedly, but Maria refused to listen to him and what happened happened. In this case, the pronoun “she” refers to the name “María”, which appears in the previous paragraph, and functions as a cohesion of the two propositions. “Maria was late to class, there was a lot of traffic that day. The teacher did not accept the excuses, did not let her in or receive her work. Now, if the reference to which it is used is found within the text, then it is considered coherent and it is called an “endophor”. This resource has two meanings: The anaphora and the cataphor. There are different types of referents, conditioned by their origin. If the referent used is not present in the text, but is taken from the situational context, it is called “exophor”, and it is not considered cohesive because it does not link anything internally. It is a semantic link that is used when there is a hypothesis or suspicion that needs to be validated. To elucidate the hypothesis, specific information is sought to allow its ratification. This information is called a referrer. The different types of cohesive elements will be presented and defined below with their respective examples: Reference Cohesion therefore represents a relational notion. In itself it is not their presence that causes the union between the premises, but the intrinsic relationship between said premises evidenced by the cohesive resource used.įor the use of cohesive devices, the existence of at least two precepts to be linked is always presumed.
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